Gyratory crusher



A ril 39, 1935. A. GOLDBERG ET AL GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed March 16, 1932Patented Apr. 30, 1935 UNITED STATES GYRATORY CRUSHER Abraham Goldberg,Milwaukee, Wis., and Isaac Merideth Jackson, Iuka, Miss assignors toAllis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis., a'corporation ofDelaware Application March 16,

6 Claims.

This invention relates in general to the art of gyratory crushers andrelates more particularly to an improvement in the form and constructionof the relatively gyrating crushing members to form surfaces cooperatingto define a crushing chamber and to disintegrate materials admitted intothe crushing chamber by the direct action of the members.

It has been found that when sticky materials, such as clay, constituteone of the constituents of an aggregate, such as gravel, which it isdesired to disintegrate in a gyratory crusher, that the natural gravityfeed of the aggregate during the process of disintegration, does notsuffice to provide the desired rate and advancement of the aggregatetoward the discharge of the crushing chamber and the chamber in factbecomes choked, unless the aggregate is activated toward the dischargeof the chamber, which activation was in some cases accomplished by, andmay be accomplished by, men or means having suitable tools for pushingthe aggregate while in the admission end of the crushing chamber towardthe discharge end thereof.

It is accordingly a specific object of this invention to provide thecrushing surface of the gyrating member of a gyratory crusher with meanswhereby an inherent characteristic, to be stated and explained below, ofa gyratory crusher, may be utilized to obviate the necessity of theindependent means described above, and to facilitate and to secure adesired feed of the sticky aggregate through the crushing chamber.

It is a further specific object of this invention to materially increasethe output of a gyratory crusher when the same is disintegrating asticky aggregate, by providing the crushing surface of the gyratingmember of the crusher with the means described above.

Other objects and advantages of the instant improvement will becomeapparent from a consideration of the detailed description thereofoccurring in the specification and of the drawing forming a part of thespecification, and on which like reference characters are used todesignate the same parts or elements Wherever they occur throughout thevarious views.

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary central vertical section through an existingform of gyratory crusher and shows the instant feed activating andaugmenting means applied to the outer surface of the inner or gyratingmember of the crusher, the gyrating member or head being shown inelevation for the purpose of establishing clarity of the illustration. M

1932, Serial No. 599,080 (01. 83-40) Fig. 2 is a top plan view of themantle or head proper forming portion of the gyrating member, shown inelevation in Fig. 1, and further illustrates the form and arrangement ofthe spiral ribs provided on its .outer surface.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the referred to inherent characteristicof a gyratory crusher which is utilized in accomplishing the feedactivating and augmenting action with the spiral ribs provided onthe'outer surface of the mantle.

When the mantle-carrying mandrel of a gyratory crusher is under load orserving to directly crush material admitted to an annular crushingchamber formed by it and a mantle-surrounding concave, by reason of thegyratory motion imparted to the mandrel through a conventionaleccentric, the mandrel rotates slightly in a direction opposite orbackward with respect to the gyratory rotation of the mantle and at afinite rate. This backward rotation of the mandrel, and therefore alsoof the head, will now be explained in connection with the showing ofFig. 3.

This figure represents the circular surfaces of the concave and mantlerespectively, where these are intercepted by a plane passed at rightangles to the axis of the concave and passed somewhere through themantle and concave forming the crushing chamber and with the mantle andcon cave related as depicted byFig. 1, that is, with the closed side ofthe mantle at the left as viewed in Fig. 1 and with the changing axisabout which the mantle may rotate located in the vertical plane alongwhich Fig. 1 is taken, by outer and inner circles designatedrespectively, 0 and H.

These circles will hereafter be referred to as the concave circle andthe head circle. In Fig. 3 the changing axial lines about which themantle may rotate are indicated as lying in a circular orbit or pathrepresented by the innermost circle concentric with the concave circle Cand will be called the eccentricity circle E. The relation of theelements of Fig. 3 thus far described is the same as the relation of theparts of Fig. 1 which these elements represent, and there is furthercorrespondence between these figures as to the direction of the gyratoryrotation of the mantle, this being indicated by the direction of thearrow X used in connection with the eccentricity circle E in Fig."3'andby the direction of the corresponding arrow'X in Fig. 1. This is toindicate the change in the location of the axis about which the mantleis permitted to rotate takes place in the direction of the arrow X. 7

The head or mantle-of a gyratory crusher is commonly referred to asrolling during the time that it executes its gyratory rotation on acircular surface provided, in any plane, such as described above andpassing through the crushing chamber, by solids of the aggregate beingcrushed of a size as determined by the radial distance separating thehead or mantle and the concave at the closed side and in the assumedplane, with these solids imagined distributed in a circle and alllocated in the assumed transverse plane. In Fig. 3 two such solids S, T,have been indicated by circles, and the circular surface on which theabove referred to rolling of the mantle takes place, is represented by acircle located inwardly of and concentric with respect to the concavecircle C and is designated R. The action of a gyratory crusher inreducing the solid aggregate to the above referred to size of circles Sand T is such that it is reduced by a direct radial force exertedoutwardly by the head or mantle, which force is dependent for itsdirection upon the point in the eccentricity circle E that the axis ofrotation of the head or mantle is at the particular instant located. Theforce corresponding to the initial, or thus far first referred toposition of the head circle H, acts along and is represented by thearrow F. A similar force G will serve to crush an-. other body of theaggregate to the corresponding solid T as the axis of rotation of thehead or mantle moves over the eccentricity circle E an amountcorresponding to a small angle A, greatly magnified in the illustrationofv Fig. 3 for purpose of clarity. This force G depends for itsdirection on the new point K in the eccentricity circle E to which theaxis of rotation of the head or mantle has shifted in the gyratorymovement of the head or mantle through the assumed small angle A. Whilethis gyratory movement of the head or mantle is being executed theportion of the head or mantle at the closed side which side engages thesolid S remains fixed with reference to a point in the concave alsoengaged by the solid S. The circle representing the head in the selectedfinal position determined by a movement through the small angle A, isrepresented by a circle I of the same diameter as the circle H buthaving its center in thepoint K representing the location of the newposition of the axis for the rotation of the head or mantle about. itsown axis. During this movement therefore, we may consider twocorresponding points in these two head circles and located at the openside or back side, as obviously the movement of a point in the back sideof the head must be represented by a line drawn from a point inthe'initial head circle H to a corresponding point in the final headcircle I. Such a point in the initial head circle is the point M locatedon thediametrical line D-D and the corresponding point N in the finalhead circle I is accordingly determined by the intersection of adiametrical lineof the final head circle I and passing through thepointK located in the eccentricity circle E and passing through the point ofcontact of the solid circle S and the initial head circle H. Thisintersection is in the point N and 'a smooth line joining M and Nobviously characterizes the movement, of this point in the back side ofthe head and its 'di rection under the assumed direction of movement ofthe axis of the head over theeccentricity circle E is indicated by goingfrom M, to N, and may be designated by the arrow Y which is seen to beanti-clockwise whereas the movement of the axis of the head has beentaken, as clockwise #181 16 cated by the arrow X. The analyzed movementof the chosen point in the back side of the head is therefore backwardor reverse from that of the eccentric, normally provided to impart agyratory rotation to a crusher head upon rotating the eccentric. Thespiral ribs of this improvement therefore are formed and arranged sothat when such a backward rotation of the head, during crushing, isimparted to the head on which they may be formed, they effect a positivefeed activating and augmenting action, to move the aggregate beingcrushed continuously toward the discharge end of the crushing chamber.

Having now enunciated and explained the principle underlying the instantimprovement, as required by the patent statutes, the preferredconstruction whereby applicants apply that principle will now bedescribed.

Referring to Fig. 1 the gravity feed crushing chamber l of theillustrated gyratory crusher, is provided by a concave 2 and a gyratingmember or head 3. The concave is supported within an upper frame 4. Tothe one end of the upper frame 4 is rigidly secured a spider 5, and alower frame 6 is also rigidly secured to the other end of the upperframe 4. The lower frame 6 is provided with a centrally locatedcylindrical hub 1 in which is received a rotary cylindrical eccentric 8.A hearing 9 for the eccentric 8 is secured to the lower frame 6 by meansof a bearing plate 22, and the eccentric 8 is suitably connected to theupright drive shaft H1. The centrally located hub I may be firmly bracedand positioned within the lower frame 6 by means of suitable ribs andthelower frame 6 is further formed and constructed to. provide a dischargespout I2 for the disintegrated material discharging from the crushingchamber I.

The gyrating member is shown to be constituted of a mandrel l3 having acylindrical surface ll adjacent its upper end, a cylindrical surface l5atits lower end and an intermediate conical surface [6 which cooperateswith and receives a head center 23 which in turn receives a mantle H, toform the gyrating head proper 3 of this disclosure. The mantle isrigidly secured and locked with respect to said conical surface by meansof an internally threaded ring l8 which cooperates with and engagescomplementary threads on the mandrel E3. The cylindrical surface M ofthe mandrel I3 is received within a bearing l9 located coaxially withthe axis of the inner cylindrical portion of the concave 2, theeccentric 8 being similarly located within a cylindrical portionprovided in the hub i. The cylindrical surface [5 of the mandrel I3 isreceived within a cylindrical bore in the eccentric 8, whose axis isoblique and eccentric with respect to the common axis of the concave 2and bearing [9, the upper end of the mandrel l3 being supported by auniversal bearing 20 positioned in the spider 5. It will thus be seenthat rotation of the eccen-i trio 8 through the instrumentality of theupright shaft If), to which power maybe supplied in any suitableway,-will produce a gyratory movement of the mandrel i3 and mantle llrigidly and nonrotatively carried thereby. And the gyratory movement ofthe head proper 3, in conjunction with the stationary concave 2produces'a disintegrating action on the aggregate admitted to thecrushing chamber I, in a well known manner.

In Fig. I this gyratory movement of the head has been indicated with anarrow X indicating a, clockwise gyratory rotation of the head. Thisrotation, as explained above, will be accompanied by a slight backwardor anti-clockwise rotation of the head about its own axis. And it willbe noted that the feed activating, intensifying and augmenting meansprovided on the outer surface of the mantle H, is shown in Figs. 1 and 2in the form of spiral ribs 2! which are so arranged that .2453 willcause the positive advancement in a generally axial direction throughthe annular crushing chamber I of sticky material of the aggregate to bedisintegrated, which tends to adhere to the cooperating concave and intime to entirely obstruct the crushing chamber.

Although a practical commercial gyratory crusher embodying thisinvention, as illustrated by Figs. 1 and has been provided with threespiral ribs 2| on the outer surface of the headmantle, it is obviousthat their number may vary according to conditions. It is, however,desirable to gradually decrease the radial extent of each rib 2!, asreferred to a direction therealong from its upper to its lower end, witha zero value therefor adjacent its lower end or its end adjacent thelarger diameter end of the mantle, in order not to interfere with ordiminish the extent or annular area of the discharge portion of thecrushing chamber I.

In the disclosure herein'it-has been assumed that the three partsforming the head proper, nam ly the mandrel 83, the head center 23, andthe mantle H, are separate and independent, but, of course, any twocontiguous ones of these parts may be united into a single part, or allthree of the parts may be united into one part, the only essentialattribute being that the head proper be rotatable on its own axis, suchrotation being provided for in the eccentric at the bottom and in thespider bearing at the top.

In the disclosure herein the head proper 3 has been indicated atgyratable, the concave 2 being fixed; of course, this arrangement may bereversed and the concave be gyratable and the head proper fixed.

The spiral ribs in the disclosure are shown on the head proper 3, butthey may just as well be put on the concave instead, arranged, ofcourse, on a reverse slant; and if the arrangement is such that theconcave is gyratable as suggested above, the ribs may just as well beput, in that case, on the head; or in either case of gyration of thehead or gyration of the concave, the ribs may be placed on both the headproper and on the concave it then being perhaps sufiicient to have themproject only one-half as much from the surface to which they areattached, as the effect would be equivalent to the sum of the heights ofthe ribs, that is, the distance they project from the surfaces on whichthey are formed.

Whether the head proper is gyrated or the concave is gyrated it isessential that one of the parts should have freedom of rotation aboutits axis and that the other part be restrained from rotation.

It will thus be seen that applicants have provided a means as a part ofone of the relatively gyrating members forming a crushing chamber, andthis is evidenced by the operation of a commercially successful gyratorycrusher, whereby through its agency and the fact that the member towhich it is applied when subjected to a gyratory crushing movement, apositive feeding effect or means is provided which activates the naturalgravity feed of the crushing chamber and augments the same, tomaterially increase the output in disintegrated aggregate over theoutput of a crusher Without the instant improvement when likewiseoperating on a similar sticky aggregate and this without any additionalexpense flowing from the former methods employed to cope with thedescribed undesirable effects a tributable to the sticky nature of theaggregate, as Where men with suitable poking tools were required toconstantly stand near the admission end of the crushing chamber andcontinuously push the adhering aggregate to its proper position withinthe crushing chamber to maintain even a fairly satisfactory movement ofthe aggregate therethrough but at a rate now found to be much less thanthe rate of disintegration which it is possible to attain with thesimplified integral means forming a part of the gyrating member ofapplicants instant invention.

It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to theexact details of construction shown and described for various andobvious modifications thereof, within the scope of the appended claims,may occur to persons skilled in the art to which the instant inventionappertains.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In combination, a plurality of members providing relatively gyratingsurfaces forming a tapered crushing chamber to which a sticky aggregatemay be admitted for crushing, means for relatively gyrating the memberswith one of said members rotating about its axis in the sense of rollingone surface on the other surface through the medium of aggregate betweensaid surfaces, and a spiral rib provided on the crushing surface of oneof said members within said tapered crushing chamber and substantiallycoextensive therewith for urging, upon actuation of said means in theproper direction, the material to be crushed into the tapered crushingchamber and toward the discharge end thereof.

2. In a gyratory crusher especially adapted for the crushing of stickyaggregate, a hollow eccentric adapted to rotate on an axis, an upperbearing, a gyratory head having a portion received within said upperbearing and a portion received within said hollow eccentric in an offsetrelation to the axis of rotation of said eccentric, a concavesurrounding the crushing surface of said head the head proper of saidcrusher being provided with a spiral rib projecting outwardly from itsmain crushing surface and extending from the top to the bottom thereof,but being within the confines of said concave, and means for rotatingthe eccentric in a direction such that the accompanying backwardrotation of the head, manifest during crushing, cooperates to providefor said rib a feed activating and augmenting function in the directionof the discharge of the aggregate to feed sticky aggregate between saidgyratory head and said concave, the upward inclination of said rib beingin the direction of said backward rotation.

3. In a gyratory crusher especially adapted for the crushing of stickyaggregate, a rotary eccentric provided with an inclined cylindricalbore, a gyratory head having terminal cylindrical portions, one of saidportions being received within a bearing provided in said crusher andthe other portion being rotatively received within the bore of saideccentric, a concave surrounding said head, said head being providedwith a spiral rib on its crushing surface, said rib occupying only arelatively small part of said crushing surface, and within theconfines'of said concave, and means for rotating the eccentric in adirection such that the accompanying backward rotation of the head,manifest during crushing, cooperates to provide for said rib a feedactivating and augmenting function in the direction of discharge of theaggregate to feed said aggregate into and through said crusher, said ribfurther serving to free the inner surfaces of the concave of adheringaggregate, the upward inclination of said rib being in the direction ofsaid backward rotation.

4. A gyratory crusher, comprising an outer annular crushing member, aninner crushing member disposed within said outer member and formingtherewith a crushing chamber of tapering section from the top to thebottom thereof, means for gyrating said inner crushing member relativeto said outer crushing member to crush material therebetween saidgyrating action resulting in rotation of said inner crushing memberabout its own axis, and spiral ribs arranged upon the crushing surfaceof said inner crushing member within said tapering crushing chamber andsubstantially coextensive therewith to urge material to be crushed intoand downwardly through said tapering crushing chamber upon rotation ofsaid inner crushing member.

5. A gyratory crusher, comprising an outer annular crushing member, aninner crushing member disposed within said outer member and formingtherewith a crushing chamber of tapering section from the top to thebottom thereof, means for gyrating said inner crushing memberrelative tosaid outer crushing member to crush material therebetween said gyratingaction resulting in rotation of said inner crushing member about its ownaxis, and spiral ribs arranged upon the crushing surface of said innercrushing member and extending from the top substantially to the bottomthereof and within the confines of said outer crushing member to urgematerial to be crushed into and downwardly through said taperingcrushing chamber upon rotation of said inner crushing member.

6. A gyratory crusher, comprising an outer annular crushing member, aninner crushing member disposed within said outer member and formingtherewith a crushing chamber of tapering section from the top to thebottom thereof, means for gyrating said innercrushing member relative tosaid outer crushing member to crush material therebetween said gyratingaction resulting in rotation of said inner crushing member about its ownaxis, and spiral ribs arranged upon the surface of said inner crushingmember to urge material to be crushed into and downwardly through saidtapering crushing chamber upon rotation of said inner crushing member,said ribs decreasing in height from the top of said inner crushingmember to the bottom thereof and merging with the periphery of saidcrushing member at the bottom thereof.

ABRAHAM GOLDBERG. 1 ISAAC MERIDETI-I JACKSON.

CERTEFICATE OF (IQRRECTION.

Patent No. 1,999,756. April 30, 1935.

ABRAHAM GOLDBERG, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed speeifieationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 3,second column, line 52, claim 2, after "thereof" strike out the comma;and line 72, claim 3, beginning with the comma, strike out all to andincluding the word "concave" in line 74, and insert instead and Withinthe confines of said concave, said rib occupying only a relatively smallpart of said crushing surface; and that the said Letters Patent shouldbe read with these eorreetions therein that the same may conform to therecord of the ease in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 25th day of June, A Do 1935.

Bryan M. Battey (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

